{"id":1312,"date":"2026-06-01T10:45:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T08:45:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oleg-vyskrebentsev.com\/wordpress\/?p=1312"},"modified":"2026-06-01T10:45:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T08:45:29","slug":"normy-poter-paketov-dlya-medi-i-optiki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oleg-vyskrebentsev.com\/wordpress\/normy-poter-paketov-dlya-medi-i-optiki\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441! \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438.<\/p>\n\n<h2>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (Packet Loss Rate &#8212; PLR):<\/h2>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>1. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b:<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u041f\u043e IEEE \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c:<\/h3>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438<\/th>\n<th>Packet Loss Rate (PLR)<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.001% (&lt; 1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075)<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.001% &#8212; 0.01%<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.01% &#8212; 0.1%<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.1% &#8212; 1%<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&gt; 1%<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>2. \u0414\u043b\u044f Copper (\u041c\u0435\u0434\u044c):<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b Ethernet \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438:<\/h3>\n\n<h4>2.1. 10BASE-T \/ 100BASE-TX \/ 1000BASE-T:<\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c IEEE 802.3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>BER (Bit Error Rate)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10\u207b\u00b9\u2070<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 10\u207b\u2078<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Packet Loss Rate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.01%<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 0.1%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Frame Check Sequence (FCS) Errors<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 1 \u043d\u0430 10\u2076 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 10 \u043d\u0430 10\u2076 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Symbol Errors<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 1 \u043d\u0430 10\u2079 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 1 \u043d\u0430 10\u2077 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h4>2.2. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e Ethernet:<\/h4>\n\n<pre>\n\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:  &lt; 0.001% \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c  (&lt; 1 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 100,000)\n\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e:   0.001% - 0.01%   (1-10 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 100,000)\n\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e: 0.01% - 0.1%    (10-100 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 100,000)\n\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e:     0.1% - 1%       (100-1000 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 100,000)\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:  &gt; 1%            (&gt; 1000 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 100,000)\n<\/pre>\n\n<h4>2.3. \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438:<\/h4>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>10\/100BASE-TX: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 100 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n<li>1000BASE-T: \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c 100 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Cat5e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f 1000BASE-T<\/li>\n<li>Cat6\/6a \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/li>\n<li>\u042d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (STP vs UTP)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>EMI\/RFI \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0438:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/li>\n<li>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/li>\n<li>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &lt; -40 dB \u0448\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c 100 \u041e\u043c \u00b1 15%<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 = \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>3. \u0414\u043b\u044f Fiber (\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430):<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e Ethernet:<\/h3>\n\n<h4>3.1. 100BASE-FX \/ 1000BASE-SX \/ 1000BASE-LX:<\/h4>\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c IEEE 802.3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>BER (Bit Error Rate)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10\u207b\u00b9\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 10\u207b\u2079<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Packet Loss Rate<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 0.0001%<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 0.01%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Optical Power<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&gt; 15 dB<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10 dB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h4>3.2. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e Ethernet:<\/h4>\n\n<pre>\n\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:   &lt; 0.0001% \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c  (&lt; 1 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 1,000,000)\n\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e:    0.0001% - 0.001%  (1-10 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 1,000,000)\n\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e: 0.001% - 0.01%    (10-100 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 1,000,000)\n\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e:     0.01% - 0.1%      (100-1000 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 1,000,000)\n\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:  &gt; 0.1%            (&gt; 1000 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 1,000,000)\n<\/pre>\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u044c!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<h4>3.3. \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438:<\/h4>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (Optical Power):<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>TX Power: \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e -3 dBm \u0434\u043e -10 dBm<\/li>\n<li>RX Sensitivity: \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e -18 dBm \u0434\u043e -23 dBm<\/li>\n<li>Link Budget: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 TX \u0438 RX min sensitivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Single-mode: ~0.3-0.4 dB\/km @ 1310nm, ~0.2-0.3 dB\/km @ 1550nm<\/li>\n<li>Multi-mode: ~2-3 dB\/km @ 850nm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>FC\/PC: ~0.3 dB<\/li>\n<li>SC\/PC: ~0.3 dB<\/li>\n<li>LC: ~0.2 dB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Chromatic dispersion (\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f)<\/li>\n<li>Modal dispersion (\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f) &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e MMF<\/li>\n<li>Polarization mode dispersion (PMD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>4. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u044c vs \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/h2>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u044c (Copper)<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (Fiber)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 BER<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>10\u207b\u00b9\u2070<\/td>\n<td>10\u207b\u00b9\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 PLR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>0.01%<\/td>\n<td>0.0001%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f (EMI)<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f (\u043d\u0435\u0442 EMI)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>100 \u043c<\/td>\n<td>10-80 \u043a\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 (latency)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>~5 ns\/m<\/td>\n<td>~5 ns\/m (\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Jitter<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0448\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>5. \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e:<\/h2>\n\n<h3>5.1. \u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b (ITU-T):<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>ITU-T G.821 &#8212; Error Performance:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<table border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"10\" cellspacing=\"0\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Grade of Service<\/th>\n<th>BER<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>High Grade<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10\u207b\u00b9\u2070<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Medium Grade<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10\u207b\u2077<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Ordinary Grade<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10\u207b\u2074<\/td>\n<td>\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n<h3>5.2. \u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b:<\/h3>\n\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e TIA-942:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tier 1-2:<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.1%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tier 3:<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.01%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tier 4:<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.001%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3>5.3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (IEC 61784):<\/h3>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Class A (\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c):<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.001%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Class B (\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c):<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.01%<\/li>\n<li><strong>Class C (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c):<\/strong> PLR &lt; 0.1%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>6. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432:<\/h2>\n\n<h3>6.1. \u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 Linux:<\/h3>\n\n<pre>\n# \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\nethtool -S eth0 | grep -E \"rx_errors|tx_errors|rx_dropped|tx_dropped\"\n\n# \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 ifconfig\nifconfig eth0 | grep -E \"RX errors|TX errors\"\n\n# \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 ip\nip -s link show eth0\n<\/pre>\n\n<h3>6.2. \u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 PHY (DP83869HM):<\/h3>\n\n<pre>\n\/\/ \u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a RX \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\nu16 rx_err_cnt = mdio_read_mmd(data, phy_addr, 0x1F, 0x0015);\n\n\/\/ \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 - \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c FIFO \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\nu16 fx_int = mdio_read_mmd(data, phy_addr, 0x1F, 0xC19);\nbool fifo_errors = !!(fx_int &amp; 0x01E0);  \/\/ Bits 8,7,6,5,4\n\n\/\/ \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c PLR\nunsigned long total_packets = stats.rx_packets + stats.tx_packets;\nunsigned long error_packets = stats.rx_errors + stats.tx_errors;\ndouble plr = (double)error_packets \/ total_packets * 100.0;\n\nif (plr &lt; 0.001) {\n    pr_info(\"Link quality: EXCELLENT (PLR=%.4f%%)\\n\", plr);\n} else if (plr &lt; 0.01) {\n    pr_info(\"Link quality: GOOD (PLR=%.4f%%)\\n\", plr);\n} else if (plr &lt; 0.1) {\n    pr_info(\"Link quality: ACCEPTABLE (PLR=%.4f%%)\\n\", plr);\n} else {\n    pr_warn(\"Link quality: POOR (PLR=%.2f%%) - CHECK CABLE!\\n\", plr);\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n<h3>6.3. \u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 iperf3:<\/h3>\n\n<pre>\n# \u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\niperf3 -c 192.168.1.100 -t 60 -i 1\n\n# \u0412 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430:\n# - Retransmits (\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438)\n# - Lost packets (\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b)\n<\/pre>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>7. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430:<\/h2>\n\n<h3>\u0414\u043b\u044f DP83869HM Media Converter:<\/h3>\n\n<h4>Copper side (RTL8111 \u2194 DP83869HM):<\/h4>\n\n<pre>\n\/\/ \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\nif (time_after(jiffies, last_check + HZ * 10)) {\n    u16 rx_err = mdio_read_mmd(data, phy_addr, 0x1F, 0x0015);\n    \n    if (rx_err &gt; 10) {  \/\/ &gt; 10 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\n        pr_warn(\"PHY %d: High error rate on copper side: %d errors\\n\", \n                phy_addr, rx_err);\n    }\n    \n    \/\/ \u0421\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e)\n    last_check = jiffies;\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n<p><strong>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:<\/strong> 0 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e:<\/strong> 1-5 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e:<\/strong> 5-10 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e:<\/strong> &gt; 10 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 10 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h4>Fiber side (DP83869HM \u2194 SFP RJ45):<\/h4>\n\n<pre>\n\/\/ \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 FIFO \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\nu16 fx_int = mdio_read_mmd(data, phy_addr, 0x1F, 0xC19);\n\nif (fx_int &amp; 0x0180) {  \/\/ TX FIFO Overflow\/Underflow\n    pr_warn(\"PHY %d: TX FIFO errors detected: 0x%04x\\n\", phy_addr, fx_int);\n}\n\nif (fx_int &amp; 0x0030) {  \/\/ RX FIFO Overflow\/Underflow\n    pr_warn(\"PHY %d: RX FIFO errors detected: 0x%04x\\n\", phy_addr, fx_int);\n}\n<\/pre>\n\n<p><strong>\u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e:<\/strong> 0 FIFO \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e:<\/strong> 1-2 FIFO \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441 (\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e:<\/strong> &gt; 5 FIFO \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h2>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b:<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u044c:<\/strong> \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 &lt; 0.01% \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (&lt; 10 \u043d\u0430 100,000)<br>\n\u2705 <strong>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 &lt; 0.001% \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (&lt; 1 \u043d\u0430 100,000)<br>\n\u2705 <strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433:<\/strong> &gt; 0.1% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438, &gt; 0.01% \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<br>\n\u2705 <strong>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/strong> \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443<br>\n\u2705 <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong> \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 PHY \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432! \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441! \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (Packet Loss Rate &#8212; PLR): 1. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b: \u041f\u043e IEEE \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 Packet Loss Rate (PLR) \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e &lt; 0.001% (&lt; 1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2075) \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 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